Empirical multimedia results and applications mayer and his colleagues have conducted a decades worth of research investigating the nature and effects of multimedia presentations on human learning. On overview of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In the following sections, we explore nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. In order to theoretically explain these effects, mayer and associates mayer, 2001. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning investigates how people learn in. Mayer university of california, santa barbara abstract people can learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone. A model for developing multimedia learning projects.
In 2001, he set out his principles for multimedia learning, which have become a standardised approach in instructional design methods these principles were expanded upon in elearning and the science of instruction. We describe five different scenarios involving cognitive overload in multimedia. Mayers also use his soi model of meaningful learning while building cognitive theory of multimedia learning. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning sorden. Theoretical framework cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer, 2001 and cognitive load theory sweller, 1999 provide a useful framework to explain the cognitive processing during learning from educational video. Coherence principle people learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded rather than. Revising the redundancy principle in multimedia learning. Multimedia learning, cambridge university press 2001.
This book is the outcome of dozens of research studies on multimedia learning. This model is based upon three primary assumptions mayer, 2001 1. For continuity with our previous work, the terms can be used interchangeably. The case for minimizing irrelevant sounds in the design of multimedia messages. Mayer is professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara, where he has served since 1975. Pdf chapter 3 cognitive theory of multimedia learning. However, simply adding words to pictures is not an effective way to achieve multimedia learning. Mayers principles for multimedia learning instructional. The first edition was fundamental in my studies on personalized narration in the online environment. The use of visual learning pictures, written text, animations, and videos and verbal learning spoken narration as discrete channels for. Multimedia learning assets cambridge university press. Multimedia learning is a form of computeraided instruction that uses two modalities concurrently mayer, 2002.
Mayer, roxana moreno department of psychology, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106, usa received 15 october 1999. In the handbook multimedia learning cambridge press, 2001, richard e. Second, each channel in the human informationprocess. Mayer describes what multimedia instruction is and why it should be part of teaching and learning. Mayer, john sweller, and roxana moreno established within the scientific literature a set of multimedia instructional design principles that promote effective learning. C 2002 animation as an aid to multimedia learning richard e. Mathew swerdloff, in emotions, technology, and learning, 2016. Selected frames from a multimedia explanation of how a pump works. The information delivery hypothesis predicts that adding onscreen text to a narrated animation will result in better performance on tests of learning that focus on remembering the verbal explanation i. Pdf multimedia learning download full pdf book download.
Praise for the third edition of elearning and the science of instruction if you design online learning, elearning and the science of. The author applies the principles to psychology, education, and computer science. Pdf multimedia learning applying multimedia learning to social. A fundamental hypothesis underlying research on multimedia learning is that multimedia instructional messages that are designed in light of how the human mind works are more likely to lead to meaningful learning than those that are not. Mayer presents information in a sensible, clear manner that is easy to follow and makes sense. Mayer is the expert when it comes to multimedia and its relationship to learning. Anderson james lester paul chandler patricia mautone dorothy chun roxana moreno joan gallini jan plass stefan hagmann valerie sims shannon harp hiller spires julie heiser. Multimedia encyclopedias have become the latest addition to students. Mayer1,3 and roxana moreno2 how can animation be used to promote learner understanding of scienti. Thus, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, we predicted that the redundant group would. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning stephen d.
Pdf signaling as a cognitive guide in multimedia learning. Multimedia resources aid learning because different modes of presentation provide differ. Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Beginning with cognitive load theory as their motivating scientific premise, researchers such as richard e. A corresponding example of a multimedia learning sce nario occurs in a textbookbased environment. Multimedia learning 3 as comptons interactive encyclopedia, grolier multimedia encyclopedia, and microsoft encarta. Richard mayer is professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning ctml is based on three cognitive science principles of learning. People learn better when multimedia messages are designed in ways that. Cambridge university press, 2001 and editor of the.
For hundreds of years verbal messages such as lectures and printed lessons have been the primary means of explaining ideas to learners. The principle known as the multimedia principle states that people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone mayer, p. Multimedia learning happens when we build mental representations from words and pictures. Specifically, the theory focuses on how words and pictures are selected, organized and integrated to form meaningful learning. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning request pdf. In previous writing we have used the adjective multimedia rather than multimodal to refer the use of words and pictures, that is, verbal and nonverbal modes of presentation mayer 2001, 2005a. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions. Mayer discusses twelve principles that shape the design and organization of multimedia presentations.
Multimedia design of assistive technology for those with learning disabilities. However, in line with the expertise reversal effect kalyuga et al. Interactive multimodal learning environments springerlink. In this model, learners are again knowledge constructors who pay attention to relevant words and pictures in multimedia message in order to produce meaningful learning and organize the information in coherent verbal and pictorial. The cambridge handbook of multimedia learning is unique in offering a comprehensive, uptodate analysis of research and theory in the field, with a focus on computerbased learning.
Multimedia learning an overview sciencedirect topics. Success in selecting relevant words and images is most important for subsequent tests of retention of the presented material. Mayer bases his cognitive theory of multimedia learning on the following model. Mayer born 1947 is an american educational psychologist who has made significant contributions to theories of cognition and learning, especially as they relate to problem solving and the design of educational multimedia. The cambridge handbook of multimedia learning to use words and. This seemingly simple proposition which can be called the multimedia learning hypothesis is the main focus of the cambridge handbook of multimedia learning1. Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. Sorden mohave community collegenorthern arizona university abstract multimedia learning is a cognitive theory of learning which has been popularized by the work of richard e.
In multimedia learning richard mayer explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal by combining words and pictures for effective teaching. Since the first edition appeared in 2005, it has shaped the field and become the primary reference work for multimedia learning. You look up the term bicycle tire pump in an encyclopedia and find a passage that describes how a bicycle tire pump works. We begin with a cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer, 1997, as outlined in figure 1. In the book multimedia learning cambridge press, 2001, richard e. Multimedia encyclopedias have become the latest addition to students reference tools, and the world wide web is full of messages that combine words and pictures. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer learning. The building of mental representations from the amalgamation of words and pictures, which induces the promotion of meaningful learning mayer, 2001, 2005b. Implications of designing instructional video using.
Assessment of cognitive load in multimedia learning using. Knowledge transfer in a multimedia learning environment gina mariano troy university. Mayer, 2005 builds on clts principle of a limited working memory capacity. Mayer examines whether people learn more deeply when ideas are expressed in words and pictures rather than in words alone. These effects are summarized below with relative practical. The outcome is a set of 7 principles for the design of multimedia messages and a cognitive theory of multimedia learning. This page intentionally left blank multimedia learning second edition for hundreds of years verbal messages such as l. Mayers best known contribution to the field of educational psychology is multimedia learning theory, which posits that optimal learning.